When we talk about Indonesia, images of pristine beaches, lush rainforests, and vibrant cities often come to mind. However, Indonesia is also a treasure trove of rich cultural traditions, many of which are at risk of fading away. One such tradition is the unique art of Kentrung Bate, a traditional performance art from Tuban, East Java.
The Origins and History of Kentrung Bate
Kentrung Bate is a storytelling performance that originated in Bate Village, Bangilan Subdistrict, Tuban Regency. This art form served as a medium for spreading Islamic teachings and as a subtle way to criticize the Dutch colonialists’ oppressive actions. Over time, it evolved into a popular form of entertainment for the local community.
The term “kentrung” is derived from the words “ngre’ken” (counting) and “ngatung” (pondering), symbolizing the act of narrating events thoughtfully. In the 1970s, Kentrung Bate was a popular spectacle, often performed at market intersections during specific market days. It was introduced to Bate Village by a religious leader named Kyai Basiman, who taught this art to his siblings, creating the first Kentrung Bate performers: Basiman, Dasilah, and Sukilah.
Although the group became inactive following Basiman’s death, it was revived by Somo Wage from Bojonegoro, who married into the family. His efforts kept the tradition alive until his death in 1961. His legacy was continued by his children, with the last known performer, Wiji, continuing the tradition into the modern era.
Kentrung Bate in Islamic Outreach
Initially, Kentrung Bate was created to aid in spreading Islam. The performances often include stories from Islamic history, the lives of prophets, and the teachings of Islamic mysticism, or tasawuf. Sunan Kalijaga, one of the revered Wali Songo (Nine Saints), is known to have used this art form for Islamic outreach, embedding moral lessons and spiritual teachings within the narrative.
Unique Elements of Kentrung Bate Performances
Kentrung Bate performances are characterized by several unique elements:
- Language and Content: The narratives are delivered in everyday Javanese, with occasional Arabic phrases, particularly in the Dunga Tulak Tunggal song.
- Female Narrators: Interestingly, the role of the “dalang” (narrator) is traditionally performed by a woman, who guides the performance, narrates the story, and manages the musical accompaniment.
- Music: The music is performed using traditional instruments such as the “kentheng” and “rebana.” These instruments, some of which are over 200 years old, are made from teak wood and have distinct dimensions, adding to the authenticity of the performance.
The Threat of Extinction
Despite its rich history and cultural significance, Kentrung Bate is now facing the threat of extinction. The rise of modern entertainment has overshadowed this traditional art form. The biggest challenge, however, is the lack of younger performers to carry on the tradition. Most current practitioners are elderly, with Wiji being 78 years old at the time of this writing.
To preserve Kentrung Bate, documentation is crucial. Recording performances, archiving musical techniques, and narrating stories can help keep this art form alive for future generations. This effort is essential to maintaining Tuban’s cultural heritage, ensuring that Kentrung Bate does not fade into obscurity.
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